Preliminary Exercise 16: Introduction to Editing in Film

Introduction

Editing in film is the art and craft of cutting and assorting shots in film. Editors are hired by directors to put their vision together and finish the raw product of filming. They are responsible for the post production of filming. Me and my team were assigned this assignment to identify key concepts of editing as well as show examples of it. After collaborating with our team we finished the assignment.

Score: ______/60 marks
Word	Meaning and how are they used by filmmakers.
Editing in Film	Film editing is the art and craft of cutting and assembling finished film and is used by filmmakers to refine their shots and tell a story.
Editor (n/a)	A person who works for a publishing company and is in charge of the final product. Film makers use editors to make their shots have effects or cuts that they want.
Shot	A series of frames that run for a period of time. Filmmakers use these to make a movie.
Sequence	A series of multiple scenes. Filmmakers use this as a measuring method to see if their scenes/ shots would tie in the stories frame.
Scene	Consists of a sequence of events and is shot in one continuous frame or spliced with multiple shots. Filmmakers use this as portions of their story ultimately put together.
Continuity Editing	Continuity editing is when shots are put together in a chronological sequence with no interruption. Filmmakers commonly use this as it’s easier and not hard to understand.
Discontinuity Editing	Discontinuity editing is when the shots are off the chronological sequence and is out of order. Filmmakers use this to tell a unique story.
spatial editing	When shots are joined together to construct a film space unique to the film. Filmmakers have their editors use this to make their story have a atmosphere.
temporal editing	A type of editing between shots to control time. Filmmakers have editors do this to convey order and frequency between events
cut	The form of a transition between shots. Filmmakers use this to progress the story and move on from one shot.
establishing shot	A establishing shot is usually the first shot and shows a good majority of the setting in a film. Filmmakers use this to introduce the audience to the setting and story of the film.
180-degree rule	An imaginary axis where the camera is kept on one side. Filmmakers use this type of camera rule to build dynamic and relation between characters in a shot.
insert shot	The purpose of a insert shot is to direct the audience attention to a specific detail in a scene. Film makers largely use this to grab attention to an important key part of the story.
j cut	An editing technique where the audio from the next scene plays in the original existing scene before it transitions. Film makers use this to capture the audience's curiosity.
l cut	An editing technique where the audio from the shown scene is played in the next shot. Film makers use this to juxtapose dialogue and sound in a scene.
post-production,	Postproduction is when the film is done being recorded and is now ready for editing. Film makers then have editors cut and make changes to the raw recordings.
visual effects	The process of creating or manipulating imagery in film. Film makers use this to enhance their story and refine the visuals.
CGI	Computer generated imagery. Film makers use this to bring to life things that arent natural or just hard to do in the real world.
expansion of time	The introduction of time which causes the shot or scene to go slower. Film makers use this to build tension.
ellipsis	When unnecessary movement or action in the story is removed. Film makers use this to save time and prevent boredom.
slow motion	When the shot is played in a slower speed than originally recorded. Film makers use this to either build tension or to show the audience details they missed.
Dissolve	When shots are blended or overlapped together. Film makers use this as a transition.
wipe	A transition technique where the original scene is “wiped” to the next. Film makers use this transition to progress the story in a fashionable way.
Flashback	A flashback is a cut back in time in the story which shows an past event. Film makers use this to add more depth in the story or build a character.
Flashforward	A flash-forward is a cut forward in time which shows the future. Film makers use this to forebode something.
Kuleshov Effect	A mental phenomenon where the audience can derive meaning from two back-to-back shots. Film makers use this to build meaning and have the audience think upon the story.
Rough cut	The first edited version of the film. Film makers use this to get a general idea of what it would look like before refining.
long take	A long take is a uninterrupted shot that goes on for a longer period of time. Film makers use this to build a slower paced story.
short take	A short take is a shot that doesn't go on for long. Film makers use this to build action and a fast-paced film.
fade in	When the light is eased in. Film makers use this to introduce their film or a shot.
fade out	When the light is eased out in a shot. Film makers use this to wrap up their film or end a shot.

 

Editing Technique  (Shot/Reverse Shot)
Definition	Cutting back and forth between action occurring in two different locations
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
Editors use this technique to build character		Used to demonstrate a character is in control
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.
Shows relationships between characters. Anger, happiness.		Gives the audience different perspectives of the same scene. Informs

Add Images from film and document the title of the film and year released. 

 

 

 

 

 

The Dark knight (2008) 

 

 

Editing Technique (Action Match)
Definition	A match on action occurs when the action in one shot flows smoothly into the next. It’s the basic tool of continuity editing.
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
Editors use this to transition to the next shot		Editors use this to keep the level of continuity
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.
It keeps the audience engaged.		It makes it easier on the audience to understand the time in the film.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Grease (1978) 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Editing Technique   Jump cut
Definition	A jump cut is a film editing technique that breaks a single continuous shot into two parts, with a piece of footage removed to create the effect of jumping forward in time
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
They form a montage.		Cut forward in time multiple times.
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.
It can build any emotion like excitement or in the picture below a depressive mood.		This technique can also advance time fast and in a clear understandable way.

 

 

 

 

The Royal Tenenbaums (2002) 

 

Editing Technique   (Cut Away)
Definition	Cuts away from the main action to indicate something else in the film.
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
To provide information		To flesh out a story
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.
Allows the audience to see the characters mindset. What they’re feeling.		Creates tension allowing viewers to feel suspense.

 

 

Editing Technique (Crosscutting)
Definition	Switching back and forth between scenes
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
To capture phone or video conversations		To show action happening at the same time/space during a scene
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.
Provides a sense of urgency for the viewers		Misdirects the audience to build suspense

 

 

Mean girls (2004) 

 

Editing Technique  (Eyeline match)
Definition	An eyeline match is a filmmaking and editing technique that shows what the character on-screen is seeing
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
They match the actor eyes towards the subject		Maintains a spacial relationship
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.
This helps the audience see the point of view of the character		This can build shock or surprise the audience.

 

 

 

 

Burn after Reading (2008) 

Editing Technique  (Graphic Match)
Definition	The graphic match cut is when the visual composition of one shot matches the visual composition of the next shot.
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
To connect two different scenes with similar visual styles		They consider the theme and symbolism within the technique
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.
It can convey emotions of awe.		It can effectively take the audience into another portion of the story without confusion.

 

Space Odyssey (2001) 

 

Editing Technique  (Parallel Editing)
Definition	The intercutting of two scenes with similar action.
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
They build suspense using it		It sets the pacing for the film
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.
It gives the audience a sense of time.		This technique also rises the tension in a film.

 

 

 

 

Reflection

Me and my team learned a lot of how editing plays a role in how films look. Editing can capture transitions between scenes and also gives a piece of story in every edit choice. Me and my team divided the sections into respective parts with my partner Baptiste, doing the vocabulary part and the rest of my team separating the last part into even chunks. We finished the assignment with little difficulty and only struggled in finding some images but we found some in the end. I would say our team did well on the assignment and didn't miss any instruction.